Maximising cow comfort during winter housing

For grazing-based dairy herds, winter housing can present unique challenges. Even if your herd is only housed two or three months a year, subpar condition can impact cow health, welfare, and productivity

Assessing Housing Conditions

Piers suggests observing cow behaviour now that they’re in to identify potential issues with winter accommodation:

• Look for hock damage and neck callouses
• Watch how cows get up and lie down. Is it easy for them or are they hesitant? Do they knock any part of the cubicle?
• Identify bottlenecks in indoor spaces. Can you open these areas?

Essential Elements for Cow Comfort

At pasture, cows naturally enjoy six key elements crucial for their well-being: feed, water, light, air, room to rest and unrestricted space.  These factors are fundamental to a cow’s comfort and productivity. However, many older sheds may not meet all these essential criteria.

Key Areas for Improvement

Cubicle Design

• Ensure proper cubicle dimensions and neck rail placement
• Consider deep bedding for better cushioning
• Review brisket board and neck rail positions

Feed Distribution

• Aim for 75cm of feed space per cow
• Distribute feed evenly along the entire feed fence or trough
• Consider using a feed pusher to stimulate intake

Water Access

• Provide multiple water troughs with good flow
• Clean troughs regularly, at least three times a week
• Ensure dominant cows don’t block access for others

Flooring

• Maintain “grippy, not slippy” concrete surfaces
• Consider rubber flooring in high-traffic areas
• Repair or groove slippery sections

Airflow and Light

• Improve ventilation by modifying external walls
• Increase natural light where possible

The Impact of Comfort

Providing grazing-level comfort during housing can potentially add two lactations to a cow’s productive life. This not only improves cow welfare but also reduces replacement costs for the farm.

By following these recommendations, you can create a more comfortable environment for your cows during winter housing, leading to better health, productivity, and longevity in your herd.